A model-backfeed deformation estimation method for revealing 20-year surface dynamics of the Groningen gas field using multi-platform SAR imagery

The Groningen gas field, the largest natural field in Europe, was discovered 1959 and started its production 1963. Earth surface above it experienced subsidence over past six decades because of extraction activities. To accurately reveal this movement with satellite SAR data, our study first proposes demonstrates a model-backfeed (MBF) InSAR deformation estimation method to improve time series modeling. This allowed us include priori knowledge iteratively optimize functional stochastic models. Using employing spatio-temporal data integration based upon Monte Carlo Multiple Hypothesis Testing methods, we retrieved 20-year history by integrating 32 ERS-1/2, 68 Envisat 82 Radarsat-2 images. results show that maximum cumulative has been as much 15.5cm between 1995 2015. In terms precision accuracy, MBF offered better result than standard Multi-Temporal analysis method: Ensemble Coherence increased 10%–19% Spatio-Temporal Consistency decreased 2%–20%. concur external GNSS reference observations. We further links multi-platform if uncertainties geolocation temporal are included. optimized parameters mitigated unwrapping errors.